{"id":59,"date":"2022-02-25T17:50:03","date_gmt":"2022-02-25T14:50:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/localhost\/kbizwp\/?p=59"},"modified":"2023-07-28T19:51:06","modified_gmt":"2023-07-28T16:51:06","slug":"hukuk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/avukatmervedursun.com\/index.php\/2022\/02\/25\/hukuk\/","title":{"rendered":"Hukuk."},"content":{"rendered":"

Hukuk<\/b> (Arap\u00e7a<\/a>: \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642<\/span>) ya da t\u00fcze<\/b>[1]<\/a><\/sup> birey<\/a>, toplum<\/a> ve devletin<\/a> hareketlerini, birbirleriyle olan ili\u015fkilerini; yetkili organlar taraf\u0131ndan usul\u00fcne<\/a> uygun olarak \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan, kamu<\/a> g\u00fcc\u00fcyle desteklenen, muhatab\u0131na genel olarak nas\u0131l davranmas\u0131 yahut nas\u0131l davranmamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini g\u00f6steren ve bunun i\u00e7in ilgili b\u00fct\u00fcn olas\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte olan normlarla<\/a> d\u00fczenleyen normatif bir bilimdir<\/a>. Ayr\u0131ca, toplumu d\u00fczen alt\u0131na alan ve ki\u015filer aras\u0131 ili\u015fkileri d\u00fczenleyen, ortak ya\u015fam\u0131n huzur ve g\u00fcven i\u00e7inde ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan, gerekti\u011finde adaleti<\/a> yerine getiren, kamu g\u00fcc\u00fc ile desteklenen ve devlet<\/a> taraf\u0131ndan yapt\u0131r\u0131mlarla g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan kurallar b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr.[2]<\/a><\/sup> Hukuk, birey-toplum-devlet ili\u015fkilerinde ortak iyilik ve ortak menfaati g\u00f6zetir.<\/p>\n

Hukuk sistemindeki genel farkl\u0131l\u0131k yasama organ\u0131n\u0131n<\/a> hukuk yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kara Avrupas\u0131 Hukuk Sistemi<\/a> ve hakim<\/a> kararlar\u0131n\u0131n hukuku olu\u015fturdu\u011fu Ortak Hukuk Hukuk Sistemi<\/a> \u00e7evresinde olu\u015fur. Tarihte dini hukuk, laiklik<\/a> hususunun yerle\u015fmesinde de dahil olmak \u00fczere \u00f6nemli bir rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve h\u00e2l\u00e2 baz\u0131 dini \u00fclkelerde uygulanmaya devam etmektedir. \u015eer’\u00ee Hukuk<\/a> d\u00fcnyada en \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lan dini hukuktur ve \u0130ran<\/a>, Suudi Arabistan<\/a> gibi \u00fclkelerde ana hukuk sistemi olarak uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Kelime anlam\u0131<\/span><\/h3>\n

Hukuk kelimesi; Arap\u00e7a<\/a> “hak” (\u062d\u0642) k\u00f6k\u00fcnden gelir ve kelimenin \u00e7o\u011fuludur. T\u00fcrk Dil Kurumuna<\/a> g\u00f6re hukuk kelimesi, “Toplumu d\u00fczenleyen ve devletin yapt\u0131r\u0131m<\/a> g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc belirleyen yasalar\u0131n<\/a> b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr”.[3]<\/a><\/sup> Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda hukukun “haklar” anlam\u0131 da vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

<\/i> ” Hukukun \u00f6\u011feleri (unsurlar\u0131) \u00fc\u00e7 tanedir: 1) Kural, 2) Yapt\u0131r\u0131m, 3) Devlet. (Bunlar olmadan hukuk olamaz.) “<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Teorik anlam\u0131<\/span><\/h3>\n

Hukuk d\u00f6nemden d\u00f6neme de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fi i\u00e7in h\u00e2l\u00e2 doyurucu bir tan\u0131m yap\u0131lamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kant<\/a> “Hukuk\u00e7ular h\u00e2l\u00e2 hukukun tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 aramaktad\u0131rlar.” der. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde en \u00e7ok kabul edilen tan\u0131m\u0131 ise: “Belirli bir zamanda belirli bir toplumdaki ili\u015fkileri d\u00fczenleyen ve uyulmas\u0131 devlet zoruna (m\u00fceyyide) ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f kurallar b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr.”<\/p>\n

Geni\u015f bir kavramla ifade etmek istersek teknik anlamda hukuk; \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmi\u015f bir toplum i\u00e7inde ya\u015fayan insanlar\u0131n birbirleriyle veya ki\u015filerin yine kendilerinin meydana getirdi\u011fi topluluklarla ve bu topluluklar\u0131n birbirleriyle olan ili\u015fkilerini d\u00fczenleyen, ki\u015filerin g\u00fcvencesini ve insan haklar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla olu\u015fturulan ve devlet g\u00fcc\u00fc ile desteklenen ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131, genel, soyut ve devaml\u0131 kurallar b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Bilimsel bir disiplin olarak hukuk, kendi i\u00e7inde temel olarak ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Genel olarak hukukun ki\u015filer aras\u0131 ili\u015fkileri konu alan k\u0131sm\u0131na \u00d6zel Hukuk<\/a>, ki\u015filer ile devlet veya devleti olu\u015fturan kurumlar aras\u0131 ili\u015fkileri d\u00fczenleyen k\u0131sm\u0131na ise Kamu Hukuku<\/a> ad\u0131 verilir. Bu ayr\u0131m roma hukukundan<\/a> kalma bir ayr\u0131md\u0131r (ius privatum-ius publicum). Medeni Hukuk<\/a>, Ticaret Hukuku<\/a> ve Devletler \u00d6zel Hukuku<\/a> \u00f6zel hukukun, buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k Anayasa Hukuku<\/a>, Ceza Hukuku<\/a> ve \u0130dare Hukuku<\/a> kamu hukukunun ba\u015fl\u0131ca alt dallar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kamu hukuku, devletin ve di\u011fer kamu, kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fctleni\u015fine, i\u015fleyi\u015fine, g\u00f6rd\u00fckleri hizmetlere ili\u015fkin kurallar i\u00e7erir. Demokratik toplumlarda kamu hukukuna ba\u015fl\u0131ca egemen olan ilkeler hukuki g\u00fcvenlik ve kanunilik prensibidir. \u00d6zel hukuk ise dar anlam\u0131yla ki\u015filerin birbirleriyle olan ili\u015fkilerini d\u00fczenler. Egemen olan ilkesi irade serbestisidir (Privatautonomie).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hukuk (Arap\u00e7a: \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642) ya da t\u00fcze[1] birey, toplum ve devletin hareketlerini, birbirleriyle olan ili\u015fkilerini; yetkili organlar taraf\u0131ndan usul\u00fcne uygun olarak \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan, kamu g\u00fcc\u00fcyle desteklenen, muhatab\u0131na genel olarak nas\u0131l davranmas\u0131 yahut nas\u0131l davranmamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini g\u00f6steren ve bunun i\u00e7in ilgili b\u00fct\u00fcn olas\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte olan normlarla d\u00fczenleyen normatif bir bilimdir. Ayr\u0131ca, toplumu d\u00fczen alt\u0131na alan ve ki\u015filer aras\u0131 ili\u015fkileri d\u00fczenleyen, ortak ya\u015fam\u0131n huzur ve g\u00fcven i\u00e7inde ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan, gerekti\u011finde adaleti yerine getiren, kamu g\u00fcc\u00fc ile…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1763,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/avukatmervedursun.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/avukatmervedursun.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/avukatmervedursun.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/avukatmervedursun.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/avukatmervedursun.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=59"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/avukatmervedursun.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3552,"href":"https:\/\/avukatmervedursun.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59\/revisions\/3552"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/avukatmervedursun.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1763"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/avukatmervedursun.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=59"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/avukatmervedursun.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=59"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/avukatmervedursun.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=59"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}